Category Archives: Food & Cooking

After getting some horrible taste espresso and unpredictable microfoam, I realized that there are still a lot to learn in using Rancilio Silvia V3.  I followed many videos and forums on the Internet and combined with my trial-and-error experience, this is what I want to share.   Note: Coffee bean selection and Latte Art pouring technique are not in this scope of this article.  Hope this can help other Silvia users who just bought the machine.

Welcome to Canada:  Fahrenheit or Celsius?

Being a Canadian, I am  so confused about the use of  Fahrenheit vs Celsius,  because for all the kitchen related stuff such as oven and cookbooks, Fahrenheit is being used. But when you turn on the TV for weather forecast, they use Celsius.  Speedometer in cars and road signs are in Kilometers, while almost everything is in inches/feet at Home Depot. This is one thing Canada really screwed up so badly, because historically we are so tied to UK but geographically we are next to US.  The mix of Metric and Imperial measurements is really common, yet it’s stupid.  Since coffee belongs to kitchen, I decided to use Fahrenheit.

Week 2:  Understanding Miss Silvia

On week 2 after I bought the machine, I started to read more articles and videos on Internet (the user manual came with the machine was pretty useless).  First of all, you need to understand Silvia is a SINGLE boiler machine, that means the boiler is used by both espresso brewing and steam.  Let’s understand how Miss Silvia works when you turn on the brew button. In summary this is the CYCLE:

1. Boiler indicator=ON (Boiler is on when temperature is below 86 C/186 F)
2. Boiler indicator=OFF (Boiler is off when temperature reaches 102 C/215 F)
3. Boiler indicator=OFF (Even boiler is off, the temperature keeps climbing until 116 C/240 F  exactly 30 seconds from previous stage.  Then boiler starts to cool down)

What is the problem here?

Because espresso is very temperature sensitive,  the espresso or latte would result in either too bitter or too sour.  The best temperature for brewing coffee at the portafilter is 198 F to 204 F (92 C to 95 C).  Without proper technique, you don’t really know what’s the best time to press the brew button.  This is called “dead band” problem,  most lower end Italian single boiler semi-auto espresso machines have this problem, such as Faema, Gaggia, etc.  For more information about “deadband”,  there is a very well written article Defining Deadband and Boiler Cycle on CoffeeGeek.com.

There is a temperature offset between portafilter and boiler temperature,  and also when the cold water comes temperature drops.  If you start brewing your espresso at stage (2) when the indicator = OFF (boiler temp at 102 C/215 F),  the temperature drops so quickly as soon as cold water comes in and boiler starts again at 86 C/186 F. In this case, your espresso will taste really sour because of low temperature.

Brew Espresso – Temperature Surfing

To overcome the deadband problem, we need to use a technique called “Temperature Surfing”.  The basic requirements are:

• This procedure is for cold start (the machine in room temperature for 6+ hours)
• Grinding, tamping and cup warming are assumed to be done properly
• If espresso brew is right after STEAMING session, you need to run at least 30 seconds of cold water to bring down the boiler temperature to cool stage, otherwise the temperature surfing will not be accurate

Procedure:

1. Warm up the machine for at least 30-60 min (or brew at least 2 x double shot espresso and throw them down the drain.. not recommended though)
2. Current State: Indicator light = OFF
3. Turn ON brew button to run cold water into boiler until indicator light is ON
   Reason: Cold water makes the boiler temperature drop and triggers the boiler to start again when temperature is below 86 C/186 F
4. Wait till the indicator light = OFF and immediately start a stopwatch (iphone or watch). Now, the boiler temperature is  102 C/215 F
5. Precisely wait for 30 seconds
   Reason: The internal temperature keeps climbing because of pressure inside the boiler even the boiler is turned off. It reaches at 116 C/240 F (which is 30 seconds) and boiler starts to cool down by itself
6. Turn ON brew button to run cold water into boiler for 5 seconds.
   Reason: This procedure is called “cold flush” to bring down the temperature to 110 C/ 230 F, you should see a lot of steam in first 3 seconds *
7. Turn OFF brew button at 35 seconds (read stopwatch)
8. Now, put the portafilter + cup under the brew head (You have around 15 seconds time to do so)
9. Turn ON brew button at 50 seconds (read stopwatch) to brew your coffee.  Note: At this point, cold water comes in continuously for the next 25 seconds + temperature offset between the brewhead and boiler, so the final average temperature would be ideal when it touches the coffee which around 198 F to 204 F (92 C to 95 C) for the next 25 seconds.
10. Reset stopwatch and start it from 0 (Stopwatch at 0 seconds)
11. Your espresso should starts brewing, if tamped and grind properly, your espresso should finish at 25-30 seconds.
    Note: the boiler indicator light = OFF all the time until the end, the indicator light will turn ON automatically at around 20 seconds **
12. Turn OFF brew button at 25-30 seconds, depends on coffee, tamp and grind

* If you don’t see steam, your machine has not been warmed up enough in (1)

** If you don’t warm up in (1), the boiler isn’t hot enough and the boiler starts to kick in too early, giving you the wrong temperature.

What’s the right taste?

Perfect balance between sour and bitter.  To troubleshoot your espresso, there is a very detailed article Diagnosis of Extraction Problems on home-barista.com.  In summary, here is the combination of the potential issues between temperature, tamping technique and grinding settings:

• SOUR = Temperature too low / Extract too fast (grind is too coarse or tamp is too light)
• BITTER =  Temperature too high / Extract too slow (grind is too fine or tamp is too heavy)

Week 3:  Microfoam and Latte Art Challenge

After learning proper technique to make the best shot of espresso,  I started to face another big problem in Silvia:  Steam and Microfoam. If you have read the article at  home-barista.com, you will not be surprised about the steaming performance is one of the weakness of Miss Silvia. Most beginners using Silvia would get really frustrated because some days the microfoam are good but some days are so bad.  Don’t give up, continue reading I experienced the same too.

Understanding Miss Silvia in Steaming

Similar to espresso brewing, we need to first understand Miss Silvia operations:

1. Brew button = ON:   Boiler is ON (if temp is right) and water pump is ON
2. Hot water button = ON:  Boiler is ON (if temp is right) and water pump is ON
3. Steam button = ON: Boiler is ON (if temp is right) and water pump is OFF

The MOST IMPORTANT part here is (3).   The water pump is OFF when steam is ON, meaning that you have to FILL the boiler every time in order to get maximum steam performance.  Lack of steam = not enough spinning whirlpool = bad microfoam.

Silvia Steam – Temperature Surfing

If you search on Internet, many suggested to start the steaming before the indicator light goes out so that the boiler keeps heating during the whole streaming session, this is the only way to get maximum steam from Silvia. So, how do you know when is “before”? That’s why we need temperature surfing even for steam!

Procedure:   Rancilio Silvia V3 (steam wand with one hole)

1. Make at least one espresso using the steps above before start steaming milk
2. Turn ON Hot water button
   Reason: Silvia does not have auto-refill feature, you need to fill the boiler with water manually to ensure maximum steam power (repeat for every session)
3. Open the steam valve and let water out
4. Close the steam valve
5. Turn OFF Hot water button
   Note: At this point, the boiler is filled with water
6. Current status,  indicator light = OFF  (if not, wait until it’s off)
7. Turn ON Brew button,  run cold water until indicator light = ON
   Reason: Similar to brew coffee, we need to surf the boiler at the lowest temperature
8. Turn OFF Brew button
9. Turn ON Steam button  (Start stopwatch at 0 seconds)
10. At 1:00 (1 min), open and close the steam valve with 1/10 turn and start slowly bleeding out water from steam wand. Open/close motion for 4-5 times.
    Reason: This step is called “bleeding” to make the steam as dry as possible
11. At 1:20(1 min 2o seconds), Close the steam valve and stop bleeding water from steam wand. Don’t worry about the steam is not dry enough, continue next step when it reaches 1:20
12. At 1:45 (1 min 45 seconds), Open the steam valve Start steaming the milk
    Note: The indicator light should be ON when you start steaming, and it should remind on through out the steaming session

If you pass 1:45 mark, the boiler may shut off and you won’t get maximum steam power. Without max steam power, you cannot spin the milk in whirlpool fast enough and not able to create good microfoam.

Microfoam Technique for Silvia V3

1. Use cold milk from the fridge
2. Put the steam wand tip 0.5″ below the milk, 1″ away from the wall.  Tilt the pitcher at the right angle, everyone is different. So, practice with water to get correct position before using milk
   Reason: If you put it on the surface to start, milk will splash everywhere
3. Open the steam valve with 1/8 turn slowly. You will hear loud screaming sound in the beginning
4. Open the steam valve with another 1/8 turn (totally 1/4 turn)
5. The milk should start in spinning in whirlpool motion
   Note: The steam tip will get out of the surface as the milk starts spinning, now you need to adjust the pitcher to keep the steam wand tip just touching the surface of the milk. The KEYWORD here is “touching the surface” (0.1″ – 0.2″ below the milk)
6. Surf the tip on the surface of the milk, and lower the pitcher to get frequently chirping (tch tch tch) sound as the milk volume grows.
   • Too much sound = WRONG = tip too far away from milk = too much air being sucked in = bubble too big (For Cappuccino)
   • Too little chirping sound = WRONG = tip too deep in the milk = not enough air sucked in = not enough bubble (Hot milk only)
   • Frequently chirping sound = CORRECT = good balance of air sucked in = good microfoam bubble (For Latte Art)

   Reason: the chirping sound is the indication of sucking small air into the milk.

7. Continue to lower the pitcher as the volume grows and get frequently chirping sound until milk reaches 37 C / 100 F 
8. Now, second stage of Texturing starts
9. Put the steam wand tip 1″ into the milk,  0.5″ away from wall while it is still spinning. Now, we don’t want to be “on the surface” or “surf” anymore. In other words, put the ward deeper and closer to the wall (closer to wall = spin faster)
10. Open the steam valve with another 1/4 turn or 1/2 turn to blast the steam out, now the milk should spin very crazy in whirlpool motion. Lower the pitcher so that the tip is consistently below the milk (do not suck air).
    Note: At this stage, You should NOT hear any chirping sound or screaming noise, and it should be VERY quite. If you here screaming sound or low pitched roar sound, see troubleshooting section.
11. Close the steam valve and stop steaming when milk reaches 60 C /140 F
12. You should get decent microfoam. You can continue to steam another pitcher of milk and get consistently microfoam as long as you follow all the steps above again. Remember to re-fill the boiler with water.

In summary, there are 2 stages:

• Stretching - Tip surfing on milk by sucking air into milk creating micro bubble
• Texturing – mix the air bubble with the rest of the milk (No more sucking air)

According to the information,  cold milk (below 37 C / 100F) creates small bubble,  warm milk (above 37C / 100F) creates big bubble.  That’s the reason why we have 2 stages.

Milk Frothing Troubleshooting

If you hear the loud screaming noise or low pitched roar sound during the steaming session:

1. Steam power is too low, make sure you fill the boiler and starts steaming at 1:45 with indicator ON through out the steaming session (instructions above)
2. The whirlpool spinning is too slow, open the valve 1/6 turn instead of 1/8 (each machine may be slightly different)
3. The angle of the steam wand or angle of the pitcher is wrong, try different angle so that it creates spinning motion, practice with dish detergent+ water
4. You are putting the steam wand too deep into the milk just keep 0.5″ while milk is spinning very fast in whirlpool motion
5. MOST IMPORTANTLY,   If you don’t have enough air sucked in the 1st stage, you will get very loud screaming noise in 2nd stage

If your microfoam is not rich/thick enough:

1. You need to suck a bit more air in 1st stage = more chirping sound is needed
2. You are not surfing on the surface in 1st stage, your steam wand is below the surface of the milk all the time
3. Your milk whirlpool spinning is not fast enough
4. Milk selection: Skim milk/1% is thinner than 2%/whole milk

Milk Selection

Milk plays an important role in microfoam. If you do a search on Google you will get very confusing result on this topic. Some people said skim milk / low fat 1% is better in making microfoam while some said  2% / whole milk.

The fact:  ALL milk, all brand, all freshness can be made into the same thickness and same shininess if you have the proper technique.

For skim milk/1% to get the same thickness as 2%/whole milk, you need to introduce slightly a bit more air in stretching stage.  Also, you may want to play with the timing too, you can also try spending more time in stretching than texturing.

My suggestion is to buy several bags of skim milk and several bags of whole milk. Use the SAME technique (same timing) and experience yourself. This is the only way you can learn by adjusting your own skills. My personal preference: 1% Milk  since it has a well balance between taste, healthy and latte art.  Although skim is healthy, but it does make the latte taste really horrible.

More confusion when you read more – Stick with one method

There are some videos show you that you don’t need to make milk spin during 1st stage of stretching, and whirlpool is only needed in 2nd stage of texturing. Well, there is always multiple ways from point A to B, you can try.  Also, depending on how do you use the microfoam. Is it just purely for cappuccino or latte art?

When you watch those microfoam technique videos,  different machines require slightly different technique, such as steam power, 3 hole vs 1 hole and pitcher shape. For exmaple,  Espro Toroid requires you to hold the steam wand right in the middle for the whole time.

Some videos on YouTube even tell you to open the steam valve fully in the beginning, I can tell you that this is very wrong for Silvia. This will result loud screaming noise or low pitched roar sound in texturing stage, I guarantee.  Simply Rancilio Silvia is not a real professional grade machine, this particular move will only work on machines with unlimited supply of steam.  More importantly, open too much in the beginning make the temperature goes up too fast, and if you are not experienced you don’t have enough time to suck enough air.  DO NOT open fully for Silvia, follow what I wrote in the steps above.

Conslusion

My goal here is to prove Rancilio Silvia V3 is capable of making very good espresso as well as Latte Art if proper technique is used. Don’t give up if you just bought one, it does take time.   As you can see the photos below,  I got some improvement over the several weeks of practice to make some sort of Leaf/Rosetta and Heart (due to my limited latte art skills). Skim milk, 1%,  2% and whole milk were used as shown in photos.

(Photos were taken using Canon DSLR and iPhone, so quality is not consistent)